OPEN BORDERS and AMNESTY… It’s all about keeping wages
depressed!
FAST FOOD AMERICA – WHY THEY ONLY HIRE MEXICANS THAT ARE
PROBABLY ILLEGALS – LIKE AMNESTY, IT’S ALL ABOUT KEEPING WAGES DEPRESSED!
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO A JACK IN THE BOX OR McDONALDS THAT
HIRED ANY WORKERS OTHER THAN MEXICANS? WHY IS THAT?
latimes.com/business/la-fi-hiltzik-20140411,0,1556558.column
latimes.com
Low-wage workers
pay the price of nickel-and-diming by employers
Wage theft, which
further impoverishes workers with low pay, thrives in labor-intensive
industries in which employees are often from other countries and, in many
cases, predominantly female.
Michael Hiltzik
5:00 AM PDT, April 13, 2014
The continuing push for
higher minimum wages across the country has much to recommend it, but the
campaign shouldn't keep us from recognizing a truly insidious practice that
impoverishes low-wage workers all the more. It's known as wage theft.
Wage theft, as documented in surveys, regulatory actions and
lawsuits from around the country, takes many forms: Forcing hourly employees
off the clock by putting them to work before they can clock in or after they
clock out. Manipulating their time cards to cheat them of overtime pay.
Preventing them from taking legally mandated breaks or shaving down their lunch
hours. Disciplining or firing them for filing lawful complaints.
Nickel-and-diming pays well, for the employer.
A study published in 2010 by a network of employment rights
organizations calculated that employment and labor law violations cost low-wage
workers in New York, Chicago and Los Angeles alone an estimated $56.4 million a week. In Los Angeles, where
the survey was conducted by UCLA's Institute for Research on Labor and
Employment, the respondents lost an
average of 12.5% of their pay — $2,070 annually out of average pay of
$16,500.
"Companies can save a great deal of money by cutting labor
costs," says Michael Rubin, a San Francisco labor lawyer who last month
filed three lawsuits against McDonald's Corp. and its franchisees, alleging a
raft of labor law violations at the chain's fast-food restaurants. "When
you own a hundred restaurants, even small amounts add up quickly."
The fast-food chain's response to the lawsuits:
"McDonald's and our independent owner-operators are each committed to
undertaking a
comprehensive investigation of the allegations and will take any necessary
actions as they apply to our respective organizations." The company didn't
respond to a request for an update on its investigation.
The creativity of workplace managers to squeeze dollars from
their lowest-paid employees is almost unlimited.
According to a lawsuit filed
against Wal-Mart and several of its contractors running its warehouses in
Riverside County, the warehouses scrapped their hourly-pay system in 2001 in
favor of a piece-rate system in which all the workers on a shift shared a set
rate for every trailer they either completely loaded or unloaded.
If they didn't finish the job, they got nothing. For
non-loading tasks such as sweeping, they got paid nothing. Their ability to
double-check the managers' calculations about how many workers were on each
shift was nonexistent. The suit that Rubin filed on behalf of several workers
seeks more than $100 million, including more than $60 million in back wages
from Wal-Mart and the contractors.
Wal-Mart maintains that it's not the owner of the warehouses
and thus isn't responsible, but U.S. District Judge Christina A. Snyder rejected its motion to dismiss the case in
January. A motion to certify the lawsuit as a class action covering 1,800
workers is pending.
One common scam is to classify low-wage workers as
"independent contractors" to evade wage and hour rules. In 2009,
then-California Atty. Gen. Jerry Brown obtained a $14-million judgment against
two cleaning companies for cheating 300 janitors out of wages and overtime this
way.
"These workers aren't running their own
businesses," scoffs Catherine Ruckelshaus, general counsel at the National
Employment Law Project. "They're not making capital investments or calling
their own shots on when they work. The idea is for them not to be protected by
any rules at all."
Most wage theft techniques are less elaborate, if no less
demoralizing.
"I've gotten fed up and tired of being treated
horribly," says Rhonesha Victor, 24, who has seen it all during her two
years working at an Oakland KFC while attending a local community college full
time. She's been denied legally required break time, had her hours cut and cheated
of overtime.
One week she worked 48 hours without a day off, but her pay
stub showed only 38. When she complained to her manager, he applied the missing
10 hours to her check the following week — but without the eight hours of
overtime she was due.
Harman Management Corp., which operates KFC's franchises in
Oakland, said its policy is to "strictly comply with all federal, state
and local wage and hour laws," according to an email from its chief
executive, Jim Olson. "Any error in payment brought to our attention is
immediately addressed."
These practices can happen anywhere employers think they can
get away with them — at the cash register of a fast-food restaurant or the
corridors of an office building at night or under the lights of a National
Football League stadium, as a number of Oakland Raiders cheerleaders have
alleged in a lawsuit being followed by my
colleague Robin Abcarian.
But they're concentrated in labor-intensive industries in
which employees are low-paid, often from other countries and, in many cases,
predominantly female. Trouble spots are agriculture, retail, fast food, hotel
housekeeping, janitorial services and construction.
Are the authorities up to the task of policing these
violations? For the most part, no. Auditing tens of thousands of contractors
and businesses would be a superhuman task even for well-funded regulators, much
less our chronically underfunded labor agencies.
That's unfortunate, because in many states, including
California, the penalties for violating labor laws are high enough to be a
deterrent — if the violators are caught.
After California raised the penalties for willfully
misclassifying workers as independent contractors in 2011 to a maximum of
$25,000 per violation, one prominent law firm warned businesses that the
possible assessments could reach millions of dollars and advised them to take a very close look at their cadres of
independent contractors.
The alternative is the civil lawsuit, like the ones brought
by Rubin against McDonald's and Wal-Mart.
Under California's private attorney general act, individual
workers can sue employers for labor law violations on behalf of themselves and
other workers; if they prevail, their attorney fees are paid by the employer
and they split the penalties with the state, which gets 75%.
Like government enforcement, these cases depend on complaints
from workers themselves. That's always an obstacle, especially during economic
slumps when low-wage workers are especially worried about their jobs.
"When they're vulnerable, no enforcement is going
on," Ruckelshaus says. But as the economy has slowly improved, Rubin says,
workers are becoming more willing to step forward.
Despite that, some employers and managers still try to make
their numbers by squeezing their lowest-paid workers for a few extra cents. Big
companies like Wal-Mart continue to hide behind webs of contractors and
subcontractors to pretend they're not responsible, but there can hardly be any
doubt that it's their relentless demand for cost-cutting and high productivity
that drives this behavior.
Until they're penalized for demands that result in cheating
the workers on the shop floor, it will continue. And workers like Victor will
continue to be correct in observing, "It's not right to work hard and be
treated this way."
Michael Hiltzik's column appears Sundays
and Wednesdays. Read his blog, the Economy Hub, at
latimes.com/business/hiltzik, reach him at mhiltzik@latimes.com,
check out facebook.com/hiltzik and follow @hiltzikm on Twitter.
McDonalds,
Burger King and Jack in the Box HELP MEXICO LOOT AMERICA… ever been to one of
these places that hired ANY ONE but HISPANICS that can barely speak English?
NOW THEY’RE
SENDING THEM TO THE WELFARE LINES TO MAKE UP FOR MISERABLE WAGES…. the amnesty
hoax… IT’S ALL ABOUT KEEPING WAGES DEPRESSED!!!
THERE ARE ONLY EIGHT
(8)STATES WITH A POPULATION GREATER THAN LOS ANGELES COUNTY WHERE 90% OF ALL
SERVICE AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR JOBS ARE HELD BY HISPANICS, OVERWHELMINGLY
ILLEGALS USING STOLEN SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS.
YOU CAN’T GO INTO ANY
FOOD SERVICE AND FIND A NON-HISPANIC WITH A JOB! DITTO ROSS STORES, TARGET,
99CENT ONLY STORES, ETC.
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
PAYS OUT $600 MILLION PER YEAR IN WELFARE TO ILLEGALS (source: JUDICIAL WATCH).
IT HAS A TAX-FREE MEXICAN UNDERGROUND ECONOMY CALCULATED TO BE IN EXCESS OF $2
BILLION, AND IS THE MEXICAN GANG CAPITAL OF AMERICA.
THE LA RAZA (ILLEGALS)
CONTROLLED STATE LEGISLATURE JUST PASSED A LAW MAKING IT ILLEGAL FOR EMPLOYERS
TO USE E-VERIFY!
VIVA LA RAZA? IT’S HOW
THESE CORPORATIONS KEEP WAGES DEPRESSED!
SEC Probing
Chipotle Over Claims The Burrito Chain Hired Undocumented Workers
By Lisa Baertlein
May 18 (Reuters) - Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc received a subpoena from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as part of an expanding investigation into its alleged hiring of undocumented workers.
The Denver-based company fired about 500 employees more than a year ago following audits by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) arm.
Chipotle said on Friday that it received the subpoena May 17 and that it intends to fully cooperate with the SEC's investigation.
Homeland Security and the criminal division of the U.S. Attorney's office for Washington, D.C., already are conducting probes into the company's compliance with immigration laws.
The SEC subpoena requested "information regarding our compliance with employee work authorization requirements, our related public statements and other disclosures, and related information," Chipotle said in a filing.
Michael Wildes, an immigration attorney and a former federal prosecutor who is not involved in the case, said it is "not common at all" for the SEC to get involved in immigration matters.
"It's often a ping-pong between the Justice Department and immigration authorities" with the Department of Labor at times stepping in, said Wildes.
Chipotle attorney Robert Luskin said in an email "it is not at all unusual for the SEC to join an investigation under these circumstances to determine whether the company has been forthcoming in its public statements."
Luskin, a top Washington lawyer, said he is "very confident that the SEC will find that the company fulfilled all of its obligations."
A spokeswoman for the SEC declined comment.
The popular chain is the highest profile U.S. company to come under the scrutiny of ICE since it shifted enforcement to employers rather than workers in 2009.
Unlike many rivals, Chipotle owns and operates its more than 1,000 U.S. restaurants and is ultimately responsible for hiring.
The company is known for its ability to control costs, particularly labor related expenses, while expanding rapidly.
Chipotle shares closed at $392.13 on Friday, almost 18 times higher than their $22 debut in 2006.
May 18 (Reuters) - Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc received a subpoena from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as part of an expanding investigation into its alleged hiring of undocumented workers.
The Denver-based company fired about 500 employees more than a year ago following audits by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) arm.
Chipotle said on Friday that it received the subpoena May 17 and that it intends to fully cooperate with the SEC's investigation.
Homeland Security and the criminal division of the U.S. Attorney's office for Washington, D.C., already are conducting probes into the company's compliance with immigration laws.
The SEC subpoena requested "information regarding our compliance with employee work authorization requirements, our related public statements and other disclosures, and related information," Chipotle said in a filing.
Michael Wildes, an immigration attorney and a former federal prosecutor who is not involved in the case, said it is "not common at all" for the SEC to get involved in immigration matters.
"It's often a ping-pong between the Justice Department and immigration authorities" with the Department of Labor at times stepping in, said Wildes.
Chipotle attorney Robert Luskin said in an email "it is not at all unusual for the SEC to join an investigation under these circumstances to determine whether the company has been forthcoming in its public statements."
Luskin, a top Washington lawyer, said he is "very confident that the SEC will find that the company fulfilled all of its obligations."
A spokeswoman for the SEC declined comment.
The popular chain is the highest profile U.S. company to come under the scrutiny of ICE since it shifted enforcement to employers rather than workers in 2009.
Unlike many rivals, Chipotle owns and operates its more than 1,000 U.S. restaurants and is ultimately responsible for hiring.
The company is known for its ability to control costs, particularly labor related expenses, while expanding rapidly.
Chipotle shares closed at $392.13 on Friday, almost 18 times higher than their $22 debut in 2006.
*
OBAMA HAS SABOTAGED E-VERIFY AND
PUT HILDA SOLIS, A LA RAZA SUPREMACIST IN AS SEC of (illegal) LABOR!
The economy, like
everything else adverse, is someone else's fault. But if only we borrowed and
spent a trillion dollars, unemployment would stay beneath 8%, Obama promised.
It soared far above. It's still above. No apology. No acknowledgment. Now, he
hails any dip as proof of progress when, in fact, it comes because so many just
give up seeking work.
THE ENTIRE REASON THE BORDERS ARE LEFT OPEN IS TO CUT WAGES!
“We
could cut unemployment in half simply by reclaiming the jobs taken by illegal
workers,” said Representative Lamar Smith of Texas,
co-chairman of the Reclaim American Jobs Caucus. “President Obama is on the
wrong side of the American people on immigration. The president should support
policies that help citizens and legal immigrants find the jobs they need and
deserve rather than fail to enforce immigration laws.”
ACCORDING TO SENATOR LAMAR
SMITH OF TEXAS, WHEN CHALLENGING SO- CALLED “HOMELAND SECURITY = PATHWAY TO
CITIZENSHIPS” LA RAZA JANET NAPOLITANO, AS TO WHY OUR BORDERS ARE WIDE OPEN TO
NARCOMEX, OBAMA HAS CUT ENFORCEMENT BY MORE THAN 60% IN ALL AREAS.
OBAMA HAS PROMISED HIS
CRIMINAL BANKSTER DONORS THEIR JOBS WILL BE PROTECTED AND THEY WILL NEVER BE
PROSECUTED FOR THEIR CRIMES…
OTHER THAN HIS OWN JOB, OBAMA
HAS PROMISED ILLEGALS OUR JOBS, NO E-VERIFY, OPEN & UNDEFENDED BORDERS TO
EXPAND THE MEX OCCUPATION, GRINGO-PAID DREAM ACTS, NO ID MAY BE REQUIRED OF
ILLEGALS VOTING, LAWSUITS AGAINST AMERICAN STATES ON BEHALF OF HIS LA RAZA
PARTY BASE OF MEXICAN FASCIST.
CAN WE AFFORD 49 MORE
MEXIFORNIA’S? THAT STATE IS A MEX GANG INFESTED DUMPSTER! THE STATE HAS THE
LARGEST AND MOST EXPENSIVE PRISON SYSTEM
IN THE NATION. HALF THE INMATES ARE MEXICANS! THE CA ATTORNEY GEN KAMALA HARRIS
DECLARES THAT HALF THE MURDERS IN CA ARE BY MEX GANGS! THE STATE PAYS OUT $20
BILLION PER YEAR IN WELFARE TO ILLEGALS! ON TOP OF THAT COUNTIES HAND THEM MORE
TO BREED ANCHOR BABIES. L.A. COUNTY PAYS OUT $600 MILLION PER YEAR IN WELFARE
TO ILLEGALS…. NEXT TO DRUGS AND CRIMINALS, MEXICO’S BIGGEST EXPORT IS PREGNANT
WOMEN!
Obama soft on illegals enforcement
Arrests of illegal immigrant
workers have dropped precipitously under President Obama, according to figures
released Wednesday. Criminal arrests, administrative arrests, indictments and
convictions of illegal immigrants at work sites all fell by more than 50
percent from fiscal 2008 to fiscal 2009.
The figures show that Mr. Obama has made good on his pledge to shift enforcement away from going after illegal immigrant workers themselves - but at the expense of Americans' jobs, said Rep. Lamar Smith of Texas, the Republican who compiled the numbers from the Department of Homeland Security's U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (ICE). Mr. Smith, the top Republican on the House Judiciary Committee, said a period of economic turmoil is the wrong time to be cutting enforcement and letting illegal immigrants take jobs that Americans otherwise would hold.
The figures show that Mr. Obama has made good on his pledge to shift enforcement away from going after illegal immigrant workers themselves - but at the expense of Americans' jobs, said Rep. Lamar Smith of Texas, the Republican who compiled the numbers from the Department of Homeland Security's U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (ICE). Mr. Smith, the top Republican on the House Judiciary Committee, said a period of economic turmoil is the wrong time to be cutting enforcement and letting illegal immigrants take jobs that Americans otherwise would hold.
*
MOST
OF THE FORTUNE 500 ARE GENEROUS DONORS TO LA RAZA – THE MEXICAN FASCIST
POLITICAL PARTY. THESE FIGURES ARE DATED. CNN CALCULATES THAT WAGES ARE
DEPRESSED $300 - $400 BILLION PER YEAR!
“The principal beneficiaries
of our current immigration policy are affluent Americans who hire immigrants at
substandard wages for low-end work. Harvard economist George Borjas estimates
that American workers lose $190 billion annually in depressed wages caused by
the constant flooding of the labor market at the low-wage end.” Christian
Science Monitor
THE
ENTIRE REASON THE BORDERS ARE LEFT OPEN IS TO CUT WAGES!
"We
could cut unemployment in half simply by reclaiming the jobs taken by illegal
workers," said Representative Lamar Smith of Texas, co-chairman of the
Reclaim American Jobs Caucus. "President Obama is on the wrong side of the
American people on immigration. The president should support policies that help
citizens and legal immigrants find the jobs they need and deserve rather than
fail to enforce immigration laws."
FROM JUDICIAL WATCH org
Illegal Immigration
Today, between eight and
fourteen million illegal aliens reside in the United States, draining our
nation’s economy, while presenting a security threat to the people of the
United States. Public officials have not only repeatedly failed to protect our
borders from this illegal alien invasion, but they have also been complicit in
the effort to undermine our nation’s immigration laws.
Judicial Watch has an active
investigation into the Obama administration’s policies and actions on
immigration. For instance, Judicial Watch had uncovered documents indicating
collusion between the Department of Justice and the American Civil Liberties Union with
respect to legal challenges of Arizona’s SB 1070. Recently, Judicial Watch
obtained documents revealing that administration officials misled Congress
regarding the scope of deportation dismissals in Houston, Texas. Additional
documents were obtained that detail a behind-the-scenes effort by the
administration to suspend deportation proceedings against “DREAM” Act aliens
and other illegal immigrants. Judicial Watch also routinely obtains smuggling
statistics and has revealed details of a shocking sex slave trafficking
operation in Houston, Texas.
ACROSS THE COUNTRY, EVEN DESPITE THE STAGGERING
UNEMPLOYMENT, LA RAZA OBAMA HAS SABOTAGED E-VERIFY TO HELP EMPLOYERS PUT
ILLEGALS IN OUR JOBS.
THIS BUYS THE ILLEGALS’ VOTES FOR OBAMA, AND KEEPS HIS
CORPORATE PAYMASTERS, BENT ON PAYING MISERABLE WAGES, HAPPY AND GENEROU$$$$.
THERE IS A REASON WHY THE U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE DEMANDS
AMNESTY, OPEN BORDERS, NO E-VERIFY!
THERE IS A REASON WHY OBAMA PUT A LA RAZA SUPREMACIST,
MEXICAN HILDA SOLIS IN AS SECRETARY OF DEPT. OF LABOR!
First Audited, Now Investigated:
Chipotle Faces Criminal Investigation ( ICE in California? )
First
Audited, Now Investigated: Chipotle Faces Criminal Investigation over Illegal
Hiring Practices
Thursday, April 21, 2011, 12:47 PM EDT - posted on NumbersUSA
First the federal government audited Chipotle outlets in Minnesota and found hundreds of employees were illegal aliens. Next, the process was repeated in the Washington, D.C.-area with the same result: Chipotle was found to have hired illegal aliens. Now the feds have launched a criminal investigation into the chain's hiring practices.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the criminal division of the U.S. Attorney for Washington, D.C., has sought documents from Chipotle regarding their employment practices. The U.S. Attorney's office does not comment on specific cases, but a spokesperson did say the office works with ICE and other federal agencies to investigate suspected criminal offenses.
Monty Moran, the co-CEO of Chipotle, said the company is "not fully aware of the specific details about how these agencies do their work [and] will continue to work closely with government officials to answer their questions." According to the Journal, Chipotle is "installing various new procedures for verifying employees' immigration status" and Moran "believes [Chipotle's] plan will address (ICE's) concerns [and] we are working now to roll out those enhancements."
Since the Minnesota and D.C.-area audits, Chipotle has required all outlets to use the E-Verify system to verify new hires.
Thursday, April 21, 2011, 12:47 PM EDT - posted on NumbersUSA
First the federal government audited Chipotle outlets in Minnesota and found hundreds of employees were illegal aliens. Next, the process was repeated in the Washington, D.C.-area with the same result: Chipotle was found to have hired illegal aliens. Now the feds have launched a criminal investigation into the chain's hiring practices.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the criminal division of the U.S. Attorney for Washington, D.C., has sought documents from Chipotle regarding their employment practices. The U.S. Attorney's office does not comment on specific cases, but a spokesperson did say the office works with ICE and other federal agencies to investigate suspected criminal offenses.
Monty Moran, the co-CEO of Chipotle, said the company is "not fully aware of the specific details about how these agencies do their work [and] will continue to work closely with government officials to answer their questions." According to the Journal, Chipotle is "installing various new procedures for verifying employees' immigration status" and Moran "believes [Chipotle's] plan will address (ICE's) concerns [and] we are working now to roll out those enhancements."
Since the Minnesota and D.C.-area audits, Chipotle has required all outlets to use the E-Verify system to verify new hires.
*
FAIRUS.org
steinreport.com
The study
finds that employers favor immigrant workers - particularly illegal aliens -
because they work for lower wages, do not demand health care and other
benefits, and because businesses can avoid paying payroll taxes.
*
January 21, 2011
New Report Draws Direct Link Between Immigration and
Unemployment for American Workers
by
Ira Mehlman
While
unemployment in the United States remains stubbornly high (officially 9.4%, but
actually closer to 17% when discouraged workers and people relegated to
part-time work are factored in), the picture for immigrants is much brighter.
According to a forthcoming report from the Center for Labor Market Studies at
Northeastern University, some 1.1 million legal and illegal immigrants entered
the U.S. labor force between 2008 and 2010. Over the same period, employment
for American workers declined by 6.26 million jobs.
In an interview
with Reuters, the author of the study, Andrew Sum, makes it clear that
the hiring boom for new immigrants - about 35% of whom are in the country illegally
- has come directly at the expense of American workers. "Employers have
chosen to use new immigrants over native-born workers and have continued to
displace large numbers of blue-collar workers and young adults without college
degrees," states Sum.
The study
finds that employers favor immigrant workers - particularly illegal aliens -
because they work for lower wages, do not demand health care and other
benefits, and because businesses can avoid paying payroll taxes.
The
majority of immigrant workers who entered the U.S. labor force between 2008 and
2010 took jobs that could be done by unemployed American workers. These include
jobs in construction, hotels and food services, retail trade, sanitation and
cleaning.
The
report amounts to a devastating indictment of America's political leadership
that has allowed millions of American workers and their families to suffer by
maintaining immigration policies that prevent them from gaining access to jobs
in their own country.
Obama Administration Challenges
Arizona E-Verify Law
The
Obama administration has asked the Supreme Court to strike down a 2007 Arizona law that
punishes employers who hire illegal aliens, a law enacted by then-Governor
Janet Napolitano. (Solicitor
General's Amicus Curiae Brief). Called the “Legal Arizona
Workers Act,” the law requires all employers in Arizona to use E-Verify and
provides that the business licenses of those who hire illegal workers shall be
repealed. From the date of enactment, the Chamber of Commerce and other
special interest groups have been trying to undo it, attacking it through a
failed ballot initiative and also through a lawsuit. Now the Chamber is asking
the United States Supreme Court to hear the case (Chamber of Commerce v.
Candelaria), and the Obama Administration is weighing in against the law.
To
date, Arizona’s E-Verify law has been upheld by all lower courts, including the
Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The Ninth Circuit, in particular, viewed it as
an exercise of a state’s traditional power to regulate businesses. (San
Francisco Chronicle, June 2, 2010). Obama’s Justice Department, however,
disagrees. Acting Solicitor General Neal Katyal said in his filing with the
Supreme Court that the lower courts were wrong to uphold the statute because
federal immigration law expressly preempts any state law imposing sanctions on
employers hiring illegal immigrants. Mr. Katyal argues that this is not a
licensing law, but “a statute that prohibits the hiring of unauthorized aliens
and uses suspension and revocation of all state-issued licenses as its ultimate
sanction.” (Solicitor
General's Amicus Curiae Brief, p. 10). This is the
administration’s first court challenge to a state’s authority to act against
illegal immigration, and could be a preview of the battle brewing over
Arizona’s recent illegal immigration crackdown through SB 1070.
Napolitano
has made no comment on the Department of Justice’s decision to challenge the
2007 law, but federal officials said that she has taken an active part in the
debate over whether to do so. (Politico, May 28,
2010). As Governor of Arizona, Napolitano said she believed the
state law was valid and became a defendant in the many lawsuits against it. (Id.).
*
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